CABLE, Benjamin T., capitalist and politician, was born in Georgetown, Scott County,
Ky., August 11, 1853. When he was three years old his father's family removed to Rock Island, Ill.,
where he has since resided. After passing through the Rock Island public schools, he matriculated at
the University of Michigan, graduating in June, 1876. He owns extensive ranch and manufacturing
property, and is reputed wealthy; is also an active Democratic politician, and influential in his
party, having been a member of both the National and State Central Committees. In 1890 he was elected
to Congress from the Eleventh Illinois District, but since 1893 has held no public office.
CABLE, Ransom R., railway manager, was born in Athens County, Ohio, Sept. 23, 1834.
His early training was mainly of the practical sort, and by the time he was 17 years old he was actively
employed as a lumberman. In 1857 he removed to Illinois, first devoting his attention to coal mining in
the neighborhood of Rock Island. Later he became interested in the projection and management of
railroads, being in turn Superintendent, Vice-President and President of the Rock Island & Peoria
Railroad. His next position was that of General Manager of the Rockford, Rock Island & St. Louis
Railroad. His experience in these positions rendered him familiar with both the scope and the details of
railroad management, while his success brought him to the favorable notice of those who controlled
railway interests all over the country. In 1876 he was elected a Director of the Chicago, Rock Island
& Pacific Railway. In connection with this company he also held, successively, the offices of
Vice-President, Assistant to the President, General Manager and President, being chief executive
officer from 1880. Died Nov. 12, 1909. (See Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway.)
CAHOKIA, the first permanent white settlement in Illinois, and, in French colonial
times, one of its principal towns. French Jesuit missionaries established the mission of the Tamaroas
here in 1700, to which they gave the name of "Sainte Famille de Caoquias," antedating the settlement at
Kaskaskia of the same year by a few months. Cahokia and Kaskaskia were jointly made the county-seats of
St. Clair County, when that county was organized by Governor St. Clair in 1790. Five years later, when
Randolph County was set off from St. Clair, Cahokia was continued as the county-seat of the parent
county, so remaining until the removal of the seat of justice to Belleville in 1814. Like its early
rival, Kaskaskia, it has dwindled in importance until, in 1890, its population was estimated at 100.
Descendants of the early French settlers make up a considerable portion of the present population. The
site of the old town is on the line of the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad, about four miles from
East St. Louis. Some of the most remarkable Indian mounds in the Mississippi Valley, known as "the
Cahokia Mounds," are located in the vicinity. (See Mound-Builders, Works of the)
CAIRNES, Abraham, a native of Kentucky, in 1816 settled in that part of Crawford
County, Ill., which was embraced in Lawrence County on the organization of the latter in 1821. Mr.
Cairnes was a member of the House for Crawford County in the Second General Assembly (1820-22), and for
Lawrence County in the Third (1822-24), in the latter voting against the pro-slavery Convention scheme.
He removed from Lawrence County to some point on the Mississippi River in 1826, but further details of
his history are unknown.
CAIRO, the county-seat of Alexander County, and the most important river point between
St. Louis and Memphis. Its first charter was obtained from the Territorial Legislature by Shadrach Bond
(afterwards Governor of Illinois), John G. Comyges and others, who incorporated the "City and Bank of
Cairo." The company entered about 1,800 acres, but upon the death of Mr. Comyges, the land reverted to
the Government. The forfeited tract was re-entered in 1835 by Sidney Breese and others, who later
transferred it to the "Cairo City and Canal Company," a corporation chartered in 1837, which, by
purchase, increased its holdings to 10,000 acres. Peter Stapleton is said to have erected the first
house, and John Hawley the second, within the town limits. In consideration of certain privileges, the
Illinois Central Railroad has erected around the water front a substantial levee, eighty feet wide.
During the Civil War Cairo was an important base for military operations; is an important shipping
point; has flouring mills and other factories; 2 daily and 3 weekly papers. Pop. (1910), 14,548.
CAIRO BRIDGE, THE, one of the triumphs of modern engineering, erected by the Illinois
Central Railroad Company across the Ohio River, opposite the city of Cairo. It is the longest metallic
bridge across a river in the world, being thixty-three feet longer than the Tay Bridge, in Scotland. The
work of construction was begun, July 1, 1887, and uninterruptedly prosecuted for twenty-seven months,
being completed, Oct. 29, 1889. The first train to cross it was made up of ten locomotives coupled
together. The approaches from both the Illinois and Kentucky shores consist of iron viaducts and
well-braced timber trestles. The Illinois viaduct approach consists of seventeen spans of 150 feet each,
and one span of 106 1/4 feet. All these rest on cylinder piers filled with concrete, and are additionally
supported by piles driven within the cylinders. The viaduct on the Kentucky shore is of similar general
construction. The total number of spans is twenty-two—twenty-one being of 150 feet each, and one of
106 1/4 feet. The total length of the metal work, from end to end, is 10,650 feet, including that of the
bridge proper, which is 4.644 feet. The latter consists of nine through spans and three deck spans. The
through spans rest on ten first-class masonry piers on pneumatic foundations. The total length of the
bridge, including the timber trestles, is 20,461 feet—about 3 7/8 miles. Four-fifths of the Illinois
trestle work has been filled in with earth, while that on the southern shore has been virtually replaced
by an embankment since the completion of the bridge. The bridge proper stands 104.42 feet in the clear
above low water, and from the deepest foundation to the top of the highest iron work is 248.94 feet.
The total cost of the work, including the filling and embankment of the trestles, has been (1895)
between $3,250,000 and $3,500,000.
CAIRO, VINCENNES & CHICAGO RAILROAD, a division of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago
& St. Louis Railway, extending from Danville to Cairo (261 miles), with a branch nine miles in length
from St. Francisville, Ill., to Vincennes, Ind. It was chartered as the Cairo & Vincennes Railroad in
1867, completed in 1872, placed in the hands of a receiver in 1874, sold under foreclosure in January,
1880, and for some time operated as the Cairo Division of the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway. In
1889, having been surrendered by the Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railway, it was united with the
Danville & Southwestern Railroad, reorganized as the Cairo, Vincennes & Chicago Railroad, and, in 1890,
leased to the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, of which it is known as the "Cairo
Division." (See Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway.)
CAIRO & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD. (See St. Louis & Cairo Railroad and Mobile & Ohio
Railway.)
CAIRO & VINCENNES RAILROAD. (See Cairo, Vincennes & Chicago Railroad.)
CALDWELL, (Dr.) George, early physician and legislator (the name is spelled both
Cadwell and Caldwell in the early records), was born at Wethersfield, Conn., Feb. 21, 1773, and received
his literary education at Hartford, and his professional at Rutland, Vt. He married a daughter of Hon.
Matthew Lyon, who was a native of Ireland, and who served two terms in Congress from Vermont, four from
Kentucky (1803-11), and was elected the first Delegate in Congress from Arkansas Territory, but died
before taking his seat in August, 1822. Lyon was also a resident for a time of St. Louis, and was a
candidate for Delegate to Congress from Missouri Territory, but defeated by Edward Hempstead (see
Hempstead, Edward). Dr. Caldwell descended the Ohio River in 1799 in company with Lyon's family and
his brother-in-law, John Messinger (see Messinger, John), who afterwards became a prominent citizen of
St. Clair County, the party locating at Eddyville, Ky. In 1802, Caldwell and Messinger removed to
Illinois, landing near old Fort Chartres, and remained some time in the American Bottom. The former
finally located on the banks of the Mississippi a few miles above St. Louis, where he practiced his
profession and held various public offices, including those of Justice of the Peace and County Judge
for St. Clair County, as also for Madison County after the organization of the latter. He served as
State Senator from Madison County in the First and Second General Assemblies (1818-22), and, having
removed in 1820 within the limits of what is now Morgan County (but still earlier embraced in Greene),
in 1822 was elected to the Senate for Greene and Pike Counties—the latter at that time embracing all the
northern and northwestern part of the State, including the county of Cook. During the following session
of the Legislature he was a sturdy opponent of the scheme to make Illinois a slave State. His home in
Morgan County was in a locality known as "Swinerton's Point," a few miles west of Jacksonville, where
he died, August 1, 1826. (See Slavery and Slave Laws.) Dr. Caldwell (or Cadwell, as he was widely known)
commanded a high degree of respect among early residents of Illinois. Governor Reynolds, in his "Pioneer
History of Illinois," says of him: "He was moral and correct in his public and private life, . . was a
respectable physician, and always maintained an unblemished character."
CALHOUN, John, pioneer printer and editor, was born at Watertown, N. Y., April 14,
1808; learned the printing trade and practiced it in his native town, also working in a type-foundry in
Albany and as a compositor in Troy. In the fall of 1833 he came to Chicago, bringing with him an outfit
for the publication of a weekly paper, and, on Nov. 26, began the issue of "The Chicago Democrat"—the
first paper ever published in that city. Mr. Calhoun retained the management of the paper three years,
transferring it in November, 1836, to John Wentworth, who conducted it until its absorption by "The
Tribune" in July, 1861. Mr. Calhoun afterwards served as County Treasurer, still later as Collector,
and, finally, as agent of the Illinois Central Railroad in procuring right of way for the construction
of its lines. Died in Chicago, Feb. 20, 1859.
CALHOUN, John, surveyor and politician, was born in Boston, Mass., Oct. 14, 1806;
removed to Springfield, Ill., in 1830, served in the Black Hawk War and was soon after appointed County
Surveyor. It was under Mr. Calhoun, and by his appointment, that Abraham Lincoln served for some time
as Deputy Surveyor of Sangamon County. In 1838 Calhoun was chosen Representative in the General
Assembly, but was defeated in 1840, though elected Clerk of the House at the following session. He was
a Democratic Presidential Elector in 1844, was an unsuccessful candidate for the nomination for
Governor in 1846, and, for three terms (1849, '50 and '51), served as Mayor of the city of Springfield.
In 1852 he was defeated by Richard Yates (afterwards Governor and United States Senator), as a candidate
for Congress, but two years later was appointed by President Pierce Surveyor-General of Kansas, where
he became discreditably conspicuous by his zeal in attempting to carry out the policy of the Buchanan
administration for making Kansas a slave State—especially in connection with the Lecompton Constitutional
Convention, with the election of which he had much to do, and over which he presided. Died at St.
Joseph, Mo., Oct. 25, 1859.
CALHOUN, William J., lawyer, was born in Pittsburg, Pa., Oct. 5, 1847. After residing
at various points in that State, his family removed to Ohio, where he worked on a farm until 1864, when
he enlisted as a private in the Nineteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving to the end of the war. He
participated in a number of severe battles while with Sherman on the march against Atlanta, returning
with General Thomas to Nashville, Tenn. During the last few months of the war he served in Texas,
being mustered out at San Antonio in that State, though receiving his final discharge at Columbus,
Ohio. After the war he entered the Poland Union Seminary, where he became the intimate personal friend
of Maj. William McKinley, who was elected to the Presidency in 1896. Having graduated at the seminary,
he came to Areola, Douglas County, Ill., and began the study of law, later taking a course in a law
school in Chicago, after which he was admitted to the bar (1875) and established himself in practice
at Danville as the partner of the Hon. Joseph B. Mann. In 1882 Mr. Calhoun was elected as a Republican
to the lower branch of the Thirty-third General Assembly and, during the following session, proved
himself one of the ablest members of that body. In May, 1897, Mr. Calhoun was appointed by President
McKinley a special envoy to investigate the circumstances attending the death of Dr. Ricardo Ruiz, a
naturalized citizen of the United States who had died while a prisoner in the hands of the Spaniards
during the rebellion then in progress in Cuba. In 1898 he was appointed a member of the Inter-State
Commerce Commission, is now (1911) Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to China.
CALHOUN COUNTY, situated between the Mississippi and Illinois Rivers, just above their
junction. It has an area of 254 square miles, with a population (1910) of 8,610; was organized in 1825
and named for John C. Calhoun. Originally, the county was well timbered and the early settlers were
largely engaged in lumbering, which tended to give the population more or less of a migratory character.
Much of the timber has been cleared off, and the principal business in later years has been agriculture,
although coal is found and mined in paying quantities along Silver Creek. Tradition has it that the
aborigines found the precious metals in the bed of this stream. It was originally included within the
limits of the Military Tract set apart for the veterans of the War of 1812. The physical conformation
of the county's surface exhibits some peculiarities. Limestone bluffs, rising sometimes to the height
of 200 feet, skirt the banks of both rivers, while through the center of the county runs a ridge
dividing the two watersheds. The side valleys and the top of the central ridge are alike fertile. The
bottom lands are very rich, but are liable to inundation. The county-seat and principal town is Hardin,
with a population (1890) of 311.
CALLAHAN, Ethelbert, lawyer and legislator, was born near Newark, Ohio, Dec. 17, 1829;
came to Crawford County, Ill., in 1849, where he farmed, taught school and edited, at different times,
"The Wabash Sentinel" and "The Marshall Telegraph." He early identified himself with the Republican
party, and, in 1864, was the Republican candidate for Congress in his district; became a member of the
first State Board of Equalization by appointment of Governor Oglesby in 1867; served in the lower
house of the General Assembly during the sessions of 1875, '91, '93 and '95, and, in 1893-95, on a
Joint Committee to revise the State Revenue Laws. He was also Presidential Elector in 1880, and again
in 1888. Mr. Callahan was admitted to the bar when past 30 years of age, and was President of the State
Bar Association in 1889. His home is at Robinson.
CALUMET RIVER, a short stream the main body of which is formed by the union of two
branches which come together at the southern boundary of the city of Chicago, and which flows into
Lake Michigan a short distance north of the Indiana State line. The eastern branch, known as the Grand
Calumet, flows in a westerly direction from Northwestern Indiana and unites with the Little Calumet
from the west, 3 1/2 miles from the mouth of the main stream. From the southern limit of Chicago the
general course of the stream is north between Lake Calumet and Wolf Lake, which it serves to drain. At
its mouth, Calumet Harbor has been constructed, which admits of the entrance of vessels of heavy
draught, and is a shipping and receiving point of importance for heavy freight for the Illinois Steel
Works, the Pullman Palace Car Works and other manufacturing establishments in that vicinity. The river
is regarded as a navigable stream, and has been dredged by the General Government to a depth of twenty
feet and 200 feet wide for a distance of two miles, with a depth of sixteen feet for the remainder of
the distance to the forks. The Calumet feeder for the Illinois and Michigan Canal extends from the
west branch (or Little Calumet) to the canal in the vicinity of Willow Springs. The stream was known to
the early French explorers as "the Calimic," and was sometimes confounded by them with the Chicago
River.
CALUMET RIVER RAILROAD, a short line, 4.43 miles in length, lying wholly within Cook
County. The Pennsylvania Railroad Company is the lessee, but the line is not operated at present (1898).
Its outstanding capital stock is $68,700. It has no funded debt, but has a floating debt of $116,357,
making a total capitalization of $185,087. This road extends from One Hundredth Street in Chicago to
Hegewisch, and was chartered in 1883. (See Pennsylvania Railroad.)
CAMBRIDGE, the county-seat of Henry County, about 160 miles southwest of Chicago, on
the Rock Island & Peoria Railroad. It is situated in a fertile region chiefly devoted to agriculture and
stock-raising. The city is a considerable grain market and has some manufactories. Some coal is also
mined. It has a public library, three newspapers, three banks, good schools, and handsome public
(county) buildings. Population (1880), 1,203; (1890), United States census report, 940; (1900), 1,345;
(1910), 1,272.
CAMERON, James, Cumberland Presbyterian minister and pioneer, was born in Kentucky in
1791, came to Illinois in 1815, and, in 1818, settled in Sangamon County. In 1829 he is said to have
located where the town of New Salem (afterwards associated with the early history of Abraham Lincoln)
was built, and of which he and James Rutledge were the founders. He is also said to have officiated at
the funeral of Ann Rutledge, with whose memory Mr. Lincoln's name has been tenderly associated by his
biographers. Mr. Cameron subsequently removed successively to Fulton County, Ill., to Iowa and to
California, dying at a ripe old age, in the latter State, about 1878.
CAMP DOUGLAS, a Federal military camp established at Chicago early in the War of the
Rebellion, located between Thirty-first Street and College Place, and Cottage Grove and Forest Avenues.
It was originally designed and solely used as a camp of instruction for new recruits. Afterwards it was
utilized as a place of confinement for Confederate prisoners of war. (For plot to liberate the latter,
together with other similar prisoners in Illinois, see Camp Douglas Conspiracy.)
CAMP DOUGLAS CONSPIRACY, a plot formed in 1864 for the liberation of the Confederate
prisoners of war at Chicago (in Camp Douglas), Rock Island, Alton and Springfield. It was to be but a
preliminary step in the execution of a design long cherished by the Confederate Government, viz., the
seizing of the organized governments of Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and the formation of a Northwestern
Confederacy, through the cooperation of the "Sons of Liberty." (See Secret Treasonable Societies.)
Three peace commissioners (Jacob Thompson, C. C. Clay and J. P. Holcomb), who had been sent from Richmond
to Canada, held frequent conferences with leaders of the treasonable organizations in the North,
including Clement L. Vallandigham, Bowles, of Indiana, and one-Charles Walsh, who was head of the
movement in Chicago, with a large number of allies in that city and scattered throughout the States.
The general management of the affair was entrusted to Capt. Thomas H. Hines, who had been second in
command to the rebel Gen. John Morgan during his raid north of the Ohio River, while Col. Vincent
Marmaduke, of Missouri, and G. St. Leger Grenfell (an Englishman) were selected to carry out the
military program. Hines followed out his instructions with great zeal and labored indefatigably.
Thompson's duty was to disseminate incendiary treasonable literature, and strengthen the timorous
"Sons of Liberty" by the use of argument and money, both he and his agents being lavishly supplied
with the latter. There was to be a draft in July, 1864, and it was determined to arm the "Sons of
Liberty" for resistance, the date of uprising being fixed for July 20. This part of the scheme, however,
was finally abandoned. Captain Hines located himself at Chicago, and personally attended to the
distribution of funds and the purchase of arms. The date finally fixed for the attempt to liberate the
Southern prisoners was August 29, 1864, when the National Democratic Convention was to assemble at
Chicago. On that date it was expected the city would be so crowded that the presence of the promised
force of "Sons" would not excite comment. The program also included an attack on the city by water,
for which purpose reliance was placed upon a horde of Canadian refugees, under Capt. John B. Castleman.
There were some 26,500 Southern prisoners in the State at this time, of whom about 8,000 were at
Chicago, 6,000 at Rock Island, 7,500 at Springfield, and 5,000 at Alton. It was estimated that there
were 4,000 "Sons of Liberty" in Chicago, who would be largely reen forced. "With these and the Canadian
refugees the prisoners at Camp Douglas were to be liberated, and the army thus formed was to march
upon Rock Island, Springfield and Alton. But suspicions were aroused, and the Camp was reenforced by
a regiment of infantry and a battery. The organization of the proposed assailing force was very
imperfect, and the great majority of those who were to compose it were lacking in courage. Not enough
of the latter reported for service to justify an attack, and the project was postponed. In the meantime
a preliminary part of the plot, at least indirectly connected with the Camp Douglas conspiracy, and
which contemplated the release of the rebel officers confined on Johnson's Island in Lake Erie, had
been "nipped in the bud" by the arrest of Capt. C. H. Cole, a Confederate officer in disguise, on the
19th of September, just as he was on the point of putting in execution a scheme for seizing the United
States steamer Michigan at Sandusky, and putting on board of it a Confederate crew. November 8 was the
date next selected to carry out the Chicago scheme—the day of President Lincoln's second election. The
same preliminaries were arranged, except that no water attack was to be made. But Chicago was to be
burned and flooded, and its banks pillaged. Detachments were designated to apply the torch, to open
fire plugs, to levy arms, and to attack banks. But representatives of the United States Secret Service
had been initiated into the "Sons of Liberty," and the plans of Captain Hines and his associates were
well known to the authorities. An efficient body of detectives was put upon their track by Gen. B.
J. Sweet, the commandant at Camp Douglas, although some of the most valuable service in running down
the conspiracy and capturing its agents, was rendered by Dr. T. Winslow Ayer of Chicago, a Colonel
Langhorne (an ex-Confederate who had taken the oath of allegiance without the knowledge of some of the
parties to the plot), and Col. J. T. Shanks, a Confederate prisoner who was known as "The Texan." Both
Langhorne and Shanks were appalled at the horrible nature of the plot as it was unfolded to them, and
entered with zeal into the effort to defeat it. Shanks was permitted to escape from Camp Douglas,
thereby getting in communication with the leaders of the plot who assisted to conceal him, while he
faithfully apprised General Sweet of their plans. On the night of Nov. 6—or rather after midnight on
the morning of the 7th—General Sweet caused simultaneous arrests of the leaders to be made at their
hiding-places. Captain Hines was not captured, but the following conspirators were taken into custody:
Captains Cantrill and Traverse; Charles Walsh, the Brigadier-General of the "Sons of Liberty," who was
sheltering them, and in whose barn and house was found a large quantity of arms and military stores;
Cols. St. Leger Grenfell, W. R. Anderson and J. T. Shanks; R. T. Semmes, Vincent Marmaduke, Charles
T. Daniel and Buckner S. Morris, the Treasurer of the order. They wrere tried by Military Commission
at Cincinnati for conspiracy. Marmaduke and Morris were acquitted; Anderson committed suicide during
the trial; Walsh, Semmes and Daniels were sentenced to the penitentiary, and Grenfell was sentenced to
be hung, although his sentence was afterward commuted to life imprisonment at the Dry Tortugas, where
he mysteriously disappeared some years afterward, but whether he escaped or was drowned in the attempt
to do so has never been known. The British Government had made repeated attempts to secure his release,
a brother of his being a General in the British Army. Daniels managed to escape, and was never
recaptured, while Walsh and Semmes, after undergoing brief terms of imprisonment, were pardoned by
President Johnson. The subsequent history of Shanks, who played so prominent a part in defeating the
scheme of wholesale arson, pillage and assassination, is interesting. "While in prison he had been
detailed for service as a clerk in one of the offices under the direction of General Sweet, and,
while thus employed, made the acquaintance of a young lady member of a loyal family, whom he afterwards
married. After the exposure of the contemplated uprising, the rebel agents in Canada offered a reward
of $1,000 in gold for the taking of his life, and he was bitterly persecuted. The attention of President
Lincoln was called to the service rendered by him, and sometime during 1865 he received a commission
as Captain and engaged in fighting the Indians upon the Plains. The efficiency shown by Colonel Sweet
in ferreting out the conspiracy and defeating its consummation won for him the gratitude of the people
of Chicago and the whole nation, and was recognized by the Government in awarding him a commission as
Brigadier-General. (See Benjamin J. Sweet, Camp Douglas and Secret Treasonable Societies.)
CAMPBELL, Alexander, legislator and Congressman, was born at Concord, Pa., Oct. 4,
1814. After obtaining a limited education in the common schools, at an early age he secured employment
as a clerk in an iron manufactory. He soon rose to the position of superintendent, managing iron-works
in Pennsylvania, Kentucky and Missouri, until 1850, when he removed to Illinois, settling at La Salle.
He was twice (1852 and 1853) elected Mayor of that city, and represented his county in the Twenty-first
General Assembly (1859). He was also a member of the State Constitutional Convention of 1862, and
served one term (1875-77) as Representative in Congress, being elected as an Independent, but, in 1878,
was defeated for re-election by Philip C. Hayes, Republican. Mr. Campbell was a zealous friend of
Abraham Lincoln, and, in 1858, contributed liberally to the expenses of the latter in making the tour
of the State during the debate with Douglas. He broke with the Republican party in 1874 on the greenback
issue, which won for him the title of "Father of the Greenback." His death occurred at La Salle, August
9, 1898.
CAMPBELL, Antrim, early lawyer, was born in New Jersey in 1814; came to Springfield,
Ill., in 1838; was appointed Master in Chancery for Sangamon County in 1849, and, in 1861, to a similar
position by the United States District Court for that district. Died, August 11, 1868.
CAMPBELL, James R., Congressman and soldier, was born in Hamilton County, Ill., May 4,
1853, his ancestors being among the first settlers in that section of the State; was educated at Notre
Dame University, Ind., read law and was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court in 1877; in 1878
purchased "The McLeansboro Times," which he has since conducted; was elected to the lower house of the
General Assembly in 1884, and again in '86, advanced to the Senate in 1888, and re-elected in '92.
During his twelve years' experience in the Legislature he participated, as a Democrat, in the celebrated
Logan-Morrison contest for the United States Senate, in 1885, and assisted in the election of Gen.
John M. Palmer to the Senate in 1891. At the close of his last term in the Senate (1896) he was elected
to Congress from the Twentieth District, receiving a plurality of 2,851 over Orlando Burrell,
Republican, who had been elected in 1894. On the second call for troops issued by the President during
the Spanish-American War, Mr. Campbell organized a regiment which was mustered in as the Ninth Regiment
Illinois Volunteers, of which he was commissioned Colonel and assigned to the corps of Gen. Fitzhugh
Lee at Jacksonville, Fla. Although his regiment saw no active service during the war, it was held in
readiness for that purpose, and, on the occupation of Cuba in December, 1898, it became a part of the
army of occupation. As Colonel Campbell remained with his regiment, he took no part in the proceedings
of the last term of the Fifty-fifth Congress, and was not a candidate for re-election in 1898.
CAMPBELL, Thompson, Secretary of State and Congressman, was born in Chester County,
Pa., in 1811; removed in childhood to the western part of the State and was educated at Jefferson
College, afterwards reading law at Pittsburg. Soon after being admitted to the bar he removed to
Galena, Ill., where he had acquired some mining interests, and, in 1843, was appointed Secretary of
State by Governor Ford, but resigned in 1846, and became a Delegate to the Constitutional Convention
of 1847; in 1850 was elected as a Democrat to Congress from the Galena District, but defeated for
re-election in 1852 by E. B. Washburne. He was then appointed by President Pierce Commissioner to look
after certain land grants by the Mexican Government in California, removing to that State in 1853, but
resigned this position about 1855 to engage in general practice. In 1859 he made an extended visit to
Europe with his family, and, on his return, located in Chicago, the following year becoming a candidate
for Presidential Elector-at-large on the Breckinridge ticket; in 18G1 returned to California, and, on
the breaking out of the Civil War, became a zealous champion of the Union cause, by his speeches
exerting a powerful influence upon the destiny of the State. He also served in the California
Legislature during the war, and, in 1864, was a member of the Baltimore Convention which nominated
Mr. Lincoln for the Presidency a second time, assisting most ably in the subsequent campaign to carry
the State for the Republican ticket. Died in San Francisco, Dec. 6, 1868.
CAMPBELL, William J., lawyer and politician, was born in Philadelphia in 1850. When he
was two years old his father removed to Illinois, settling in Cook County. After passing through the
Chicago public schools, Mr. Campbell attended the University of Pennsylvania, for two years, after
which he studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1875. From that date he was in active practice
and attained prominence at the Chicago bar. In 1878 he was elected State Senator, and was re-elected
in 1882, serving in all eight years. At the sessions of 1881, '83 and '85 he was chosen President pro
tempore of the Senate, and, on Feb. 6, 1883, he became Lieutenant-Governor upon the accession of
Lieutenant-Governor Hamilton to the executive office to succeed Shelby M. Cullom, who had been elected
United States Senator. In 1888 he represented the First Illinois District in the National Republican
Convention, and was the same year chosen a member of the Republican National Committee for Illinois
and was re-elected in 1882. Died in Chicago, March 4, 1896. For several years immediately preceding his
death, Mr. Campbell was the chief attorney of the Armour Packing Company of Chicago.
CAMP POINT, a village in Adams County, at the intersection of the Chicago, Burlington
& Quincy and the Wabash Railroads, 22 miles east-northeast of Quincy. It is a grain center, has one
flour mill, two feed mills, one elevator, a pressed brick plant, two banks, four churches, a high
school, and one newspaper. Population (1890), 1,150; (1900), 1,260; (1910), 1,148.
CANAL SCRIP FRAUD. During the session of the Illinois General Assembly of 1859, Gen.
Jacob Fry, who, as Commissioner or Trustee, had been associated with the construction of the Illinois
& Michigan Canal from 1837 to 1845, had his attention called to a check purporting to have been issued
by the Commissioners in 1839, which, upon investigation, he became convinced was counterfeit, or had
been fraudulently issued. Having communicated his conclusions to Hon. Jesse K. Dubois, the State
Auditor, in charge of the work of refunding the State indebtedness, an inquiry was instituted in the
office of the Fund Commissioner—a position attached to the Governor's office, but in the charge of a
secretary— which developed the fact that a large amount of these evidences of indebtedness had been
taken up through that office and bonds issued therefor by the State Auditor under the laws for funding
the State debt. A subsequent investigation by the Finance Committee of the State Senate, ordered by vote
of that body, resulted in the discovery that, in May and August, 1839, two series of canal "scrip" (or
checks) had been issued by the Canal Board, to meet temporary demands in the work of construction — the
sum aggregating $269,059—of which all but $316 had been redeemed within a few years at the Chicago
branch of the Illinois State Bank. The bank officers testified that this scrip (or a large part of it)
had, after redemption, been held by them in the bank vaults without cancellation until settlement was
had with the Canal Board, when it was packed in boxes and turned over to the Board. After having lain
in the canal office for several years in this condition, and a new "Trustee" (as the officer in charge
was now called) having come into the canal office in 1853, this scrip, with other papers, was repacked
in a shoe-box and a trunk and placed in charge of Joel A. Matteson, then Governor, to be taken by him
to Springfield and deposited there. Nothing further was known of these papers until October, 1854,
when $300 of the scrip was presented to the Secretary of the Fund Commissioner by a Springfield banker,
and bond issued thereon. This was followed in 1856 and 1857 by larger sums, until, at the time the
legislative investigation was instituted, it was found that bonds to the amount of $223,182.66 had been
issued on account of principal and interest. With the exception of the $300 first presented, it was
shown that all the scrip so funded had been presented by Governor Matteson, either while in office or
subsequent to his retirement, and the bonds issued therefor delivered to him—although none of the
persons in whose names the issue was made were known or ever afterward discovered. The developments
made by the Senate Finance Committee led to an offer from Matteson to indemnify the State, in which he
stated that he had "unconsciously and innocently been made the instrument through whom a gross fraud
upon the State had been attempted." He therefore gave to the State mortgages and an indemnifying bond
for the sum shown to have been funded by him of this class of indebtedness, upon which the State, on
foreclosure a few years later, secured judgment for $255,000, although the property on being sold
realized only $238,000. A further investigation by the Legislature, in 1861, revealed the fact that
additional issues of bonds for similar scrip had been made amounting to $165,346, for which the State
never received any compensation. A search through the State House for the trunk and box placed it in
the hands of Governor Matteson in 1853, while the official investigation was in progress, resulted in
the discovery of the trunk in a condition showing it had been opened, but the box was never found. The
fraud was made the subject of a protracted investigation by the Grand Jury of Sangamon County in May,
1859, and, although the jury twice voted to indict Governor Matteson for larceny, it as often voted to
reconsider, and, on a third ballot, voted to "ignore the bill."
CANBY, Richard Spring, jurist, was born in Green County, Ohio, Sept. 30, 1808; was
educated at Miami University and admitted to the bar, afterwards serving as Prosecuting Attorney,
member of the Legislature and one term (1847-49) in Congress. In 1863 he removed to Illinois, locating
at Olney, was elected Judge of the Twenty-fifth Judicial Circuit in 1867, resuming practice at the
expiration of his term in 1873. Died in Richland County, July 27, 1895. Judge Canby was a relative
of Gen. Edward Richard Spriggs Canby, who was treacherously killed by the Modocs in California in
1873.
CANNON, Joseph G., Congressman, was born at Guilford, N. C, May 7, 1836, and removed
to Illinois in early youth, locating at Danville, Vermilion County. By profession he is a lawyer, and
served as State's Attorney of Vermilion County for two terms (1861-68). Incidentally, he is conducting
a large banking business at Danville. In 1872 he was elected as a Republican to the Forty-third
Congress for the Fifteenth District, and has been re-elected biennially ever since, except in 1890,
when he was defeated for the Fifty-second Congress by Samuel T. Busey, his Democratic opponent. He is
now (1898) serving his twelfth term as the Representative for the Twelfth Congressional District, and
has been re-elected for a thirteenth term in the Fifty-sixth Congress (1899-1901). Mr. Cannon has been
an influential factor in State and National politics, as shown by the fact that he has been Chairman
of the House Committee on Appropriations during the important sessions of the Fifty-fourth and
Fifty-fifth Congresses.
CANTON, a flourishing city in Fulton County, 12 miles from the Illinois River, and 28
miles southwest of Peoria. It is the commercial metropolis of one of the largest and richest counties
in the "corn belt"; also has abundant supplies of timber and clay for manufacturing purposes. There
are coal mines within the municipal limits, and various manufacturing establishments. Among the
principal outputs are agricultural implements, flour, brick and tile, cigars, cigar boxes, foundry and
machine-shop products, firearms, brooms, and marble. The city is lighted by gas and electricity, has
water-works, fire department, a public library, six ward schools and one high school, and three
newspapers. Population (1890), 5,604; (1900), 6,564; (1910), 10,453.
CAPPS, Jabez, pioneer, was born in London, England, Sept. 9, 1796; came to the United
States in 1817, and to Sangamon County, Ill., in 1819. For a time he taught school in what is now
called Round Prairie, in the present County of Sangamon, and later in Calhoun (the original name of
a part of the city of Springfield), having among his pupils a number of those who afterwards became
prominent citizens of Central Illinois. In 1836, in conjunction with two partners, he laid out the
town of Mount Pulaski, the original county-seat of Logan County, where he continued to live for the
remainder of his life, and where, during its later period, he served as Postmaster some fifteen years.
He also served as Recorder of Logan County four years. Died, April 1, 1896, in the 100th year of his
age.
CARBONDALE, a city in Jackson County, founded in 1852, 57 miles north of Cairo, and
91 miles from St. Louis. Three lines of railway center here. The chief industries are coal-mining,
farming, stock-raising, fruit-growing and lumbering. It has two preserving plants, eight churches,
one daily and two weekly papers, public schools, and is the seat of the Southern Illinois Normal
University. Pop. (1910), 5,441.
CARBONDALE & SHAWNEETOWN RAILROAD, a short line 17 miles in length, extending from
Marion to Carbondale, and operated by the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad Company, as lessee.
It was incorporated as, the Murphysboro & Shawneetown Railroad in 1867; its name changed in 1869 to
The Carbondale & Shawneetown, was opened for business, Dec. 31, 1871, and leased in 1886 for 980 years
to the St. Louis Southern, through which it passed into the hands of the St. Louis, Alton & Terre
Haute Railroad, and by lease from the latter, in 1896, became apart of the Illinois Central System
(which see).
CAREY, William, lawyer, was born in the town of Turner, Maine, Dec. 29, 1826; studied
law with General Fessenden and at Yale Law School, was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of
Maine in 1856, the Supreme Court of Illinois in 1857, and the Supreme Court of the United States, on
motion of Hon. Lyman Trumbull, in 1871}. Judge Carey was a member of the State Constitutional Convention
of 1869-70 from Jo Daviess County, and the choice of the Republicans in that body for temporary
presiding officer; was elected to the next General Assembly (the Twenty-seventh), serving as Chairman
of the House Judiciary Committee through its four sessions; from 1873 to 1876 was United States District
Attorney for Utah, still later occupying various offices at Deadwood, Dakota, and in Reno County, Kan.
The first office held by Judge Carey in Illinois (that of Superintendent of Schools for the city of
Galena) was conferred upon him through the influence of John A. Rawlins, afterwards General Grant's
chief-of-staff during the war, and later Secretary of War—although at the time Mr. Rawlins and he
were politically opposed. Mr. Carey's present residence is in Chicago.
CARLIN, Thomas, former Governor, was born of Irish ancestry in Fayette County, Ky.,
July 18, 1789; emigrated to Illinois in 1811, and served as a private in the War of 1812, and as a
Captain in the Black Hawk War. While not highly educated, he was a man of strong common sense, high
moral standard, great firmness of character and unfailing courage. In 1818 he settled in Greene County,
of which he was the first Sheriff; was twice elected State Senator, and was Register of the Land
Office at Quincy, when he was elected Governor on the Democratic ticket in 1838. An uncompromising
partisan, he nevertheless commanded the respect and good-will of his political opponents. Died at
his home in Carrollton, Feb. 14, 1852.
CARLIN, William Passmore, soldier, nephew of Gov. Thomas Carlin, was born at Rich
Woods, Greene County, Ill., Nov. 24, 1829. At the age of 21 he graduated from the United States Military
Academy at West Point, and, in 1855, was attached to the Sixth United States Infantry as Lieutenant.
After several years spent in Indian fighting, he was ordered to California, where he was promoted to
a captaincy and assigned to recruiting duty. On August 15, 1861, he was commissioned Colonel of the
Thirty-eighth Illinois Volunteers. His record during the war was an exceptionally brilliant one. He
defeated Gen. Jeff. Thompson at Fredericktown, Mo., Oct. 21, 1861; commanded the District of Southeast
Missouri for eighteen months; led a brigade under Slocum in the Arkansas campaign; served with marked
distinction in Kentucky and Mississippi; took a prominent part in the battle of Stone River, was
engaged in the Tullahoma campaign, at Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, and, on Feb.
8, 1864, was commissioned Major in the Sixteenth Infantry. He also took part in the Georgia campaign,
aiding in the capture of Atlanta, and marching with Sherman to the sea. For gallant service in the
assault at Jonesboro, Tenn., Sept. 1, 1864, he was made Colonel in the regular army, and, on March 13,
1865, was brevetted Brigadier-General for meritorious service at Bentonville, N. C, and Major-General
for service during the war, retiring with rank of Brigadier-General in 1893. Died in Montana, Oct. 4,
1903, on way home at Carrollton, Ill.
CARLINVILLE, the county-seat of Macoupin County; a city and railroad junction, 57
miles northeast of St. Louis and 38 miles southwest of Springfield. Blackburn University (which see)
is located here. Three coal mines are operated, and there are brick works, tile works, and one daily
and two weekly newspapers. The city is an important trade center, has banks, gas and electric light
plants and water-works. Pop. (1900), 3,502; (1910), 3,616.
CARLYLE, the county-seat of Clinton County, 48 miles east of St. Louis, located on
the Kaskaskia River and the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad. The town has churches, parochial
and public schools, water-works, lighting plant, and manufactures. It has a flourishing seminary for
young ladies, two weekly papers, and a public library connected with the high school. Population
(1890), 1,784; (1900), 1,874; (1910), 1,982.
CARMI, the county-seat of White County, on the Little Wabash River, 124 miles east
of St. Louis and 38 west of Evansville, Ind. The surrounding country is fertile, yielding both cereals
and fruit. Flouring mills and lumber manufacturing, including the making of staves, are the chief
industries, though the city has brick and tile works, a plow factory and foundry. Population (1890),
2,785; (1900), 2,939; (1910), 2,833.
CARPENTER, Milton, legislator and State Treasurer; entered upon public life in Illinois
as Representative in the Ninth General Assembly (1834) from Hamilton County, serving by successive
re-elections in the Tenth, Eleventh and Twelfth. While a member of the latter (1841) he was elected by
the Legislature to the office of State Treasurer, retaining this position until the adoption of the
Constitution of 1848, when he was chosen his own successor by popular vote, but died a few days after
the election in August, 1848. He was buried in what is now known as the "Old Hutchinson Cemetery" —
a burying ground in the west part of the city of Springfield, long since abandoned—where his remains
still lie (1897) in a grave unmarked by a tombstone.
CARPENTER, Philo, pioneer and early druggist, was born of Puritan and Revolutionary
ancestry in the town of Savoy, Mass., Feb. 27, 1805; engaged as a druggist's clerk at Troy, N. Y., in
1828, and came to Chicago in 1832, where he established himself in the drug business, which was later
extended into other lines. Soon after his arrival, he began investing in lands, which have since
become immensely valuable. Mr. Carpenter was associated with the late Rev. Jeremiah Porter in the
organization of the First Presbyterian Church of Chicago, but, in 1851, withdrew on account of
dissatisfaction with the attitude of some of the representatives of that denomination on the subject
of slavery, identifying himself with the Congregationalist Church, in which he had been reared. He
was one of the original founders and most liberal benefactors of the Chicago Theological Seminary, to
which he gave in contributions, during his lifetime, or in bequests after his death, sums aggregating
not far from $100,000. One of the Seminary buildings was named in his honor, "Carpenter Hall." He was
identified with various other organizations, one of the most important being the Relief and Aid
Society, which did such useful work after the fire of 1871. By a life of probity, liberality and
benevolence, he won the respect of all classes, dying, August 7, 1886.
CARPENTER, (Mrs.) Sarah L. Warren, pioneer teacher, born in Fredonia, N. Y., Sept. 1,
1813; at the age of 13 she began teaching at State Line, N. Y.; in 1833 removed with her parents (Mr.
and Mrs. Daniel Warren) to Chicago, and soon after began teaching in what was called the "Yankee
settlement," now the town of Lockport, Will County. She came to Chicago the following year (1834) to
take the place of assistant of Granville T. Sproat in a school for boys, and is said to have been the
first teacher paid out of the public funds in Chicago, though Miss Eliza Chappell (afterwards Mrs.
Jeremiah Porter) began teaching the children about Fort Dearborn in 1833. Miss Warren married Abel E.
Carpenter, whom she survived, dying at Aurora, Kane County, Jan. 10, 1897.
CARPENTERSVILLE, a village of Kane County and manufacturing center, on Lake Geneva
branch of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad miles north of East Elgin and about 48 miles from
Chicago. Pop. (1900), 1,002; (1910), 1,128.
CARR, Clark E., lawyer, politician and diplomat, was born at Boston, Erie County, N.
Y., May 20, 1836; at 13 years of age accompanied his father's family to Galesburg, Ill., where he
spent several years at Knox College. In 1857 he graduated from the Albany Law School, but on returning
to Illinois, soon embarked in politics, his affiliations being uniformly with the Republican party.
His first office was that of Postmaster at Galesburg, to which he was appointed by President Lincoln
in 1861 and which he held for twenty-four years. He was a tried and valued assistant of Governor Yates
during the War of the Rebellion, serving on the staff of the latter with the rank of Colonel. He was a
delegate to the National Convention of his party at Baltimore in 1864, which renominated Lincoln, and
took an active part in the campaigns of that year, as well as those of 1868 and 1872. In 1869 he
purchased "The Galesburg Republican," which he edited and published for two years. In 1880 he was an
unsuccessful candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor; in 1884 was a delegate to the
Republican National Convention, from the State-at-large, and, in 1887, a candidate for the caucus
nomination for United States Senator, which was given to Charles B. Farwell. In 1888 he was defeated
in the Republican State Convention as candidate for Governor by Joseph W. Fifer. In 1889 President
Harrison appointed him Minister to Denmark, which post he filled with marked ability and credit to the
country until his resignation was accepted by President Cleveland, when he returned to his former home
at Galesburg. While in Denmark he did much to promote American trade with that country, especially in
the introduction of American corn as an article of food, which has led to a large increase in the
annual exportation of this commodity to Scandinavian markets.
CARR, Eugene A., soldier, was born in Erie County, N. Y., May 20, 1830, and graduated
at West Point in 1850, entering the Mounted Rifles. Until 1861 he was stationed in the Far West, and
engaged in Indian fighting, earning a First Lieutenancy through his gallantry. In 1861 he entered upon
active service under General Lyon, in Southwest Missouri, taking part in the engagements of Dug Springs
and Wilson's Creek, winning the brevet of Lieutenant-Colonel. In September, 1861, he was commissioned
Colonel of the Third Illinois Cavalry. He served as acting Brigadier-General in Fremont's hundred-day
expedition, for a time commanding the Fourth Division of the Army of the Southwest. On the second day
at Pea Ridge, although three times wounded, he remained on the field seven hours, and materially aided
in securing a victory, for his bravery being made Brigadier-General of Volunteers. In the summer of
1862 he was promoted to the rank of Major in the Regular Army. During the Vicksburg campaign he
commanded a division, leading the attack at Magnolia Church, at Port Gibson, and at Big Black River,
and winning a brevet Lieutenant-Colonelcy in the United States Army. He also distinguished himself for
a first and second assault upon taking Vicksburg, and, in the autumn of 1862, commanded the left wing
of the Sixteenth Corps at Corinth. In December of that year he was transferred to the Department of
Arkansas, where he gained new laurels, being brevetted Brigadier-General for gallantry at Little Rock,
and Major-General for services during the war. After the close of the Civil War, he was stationed
chiefly in the West, where he rendered good service in the Indian campaigns. In 1894 he was retired
with the rank of Brigadier-General, and died in Washington, D. C, Dec. 2, 1910.
CARRIEL, Henry F., M.D., alienist, was born at Charlestown, N. H., and educated at
Marlow Academy, N. H., and Wesleyan Seminary, Vt.; graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons,
New York City, in 1857, and immediately accepted the position of Assistant Physician in the New Jersey
State Lunatic Asylum, remaining until 1870. Meanwhile, however, he visited a large number of the
leading hospitals and asylums of Europe. In 1870, Dr. Carriel received the appointment of Superintendent
of the Illinois Central Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville, a position which he continued to fill
until 1893, when he tendered his resignation to Gov. Altgeld, retiring July 1 of that year. Died June
21, 1908.—Mrs. Mary Turner (Carriel), wife of Dr. Carriel, and a daughter of Prof.
Jonathan B. Turner of Jacksonville, was elected a Trustee of the University of Illinois on the
Republican ticket in 1896, receiving a plurality of 148,039 over Julia Holmes Smith, her highest
competitor.
CARROLL COUNTY, originally a part of Jo Daviess County, but set apart and organized in
1839, named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton. The first settlements were in and around Savanna, Cherry
Grove and Arnold's Grove. The first County Commissioners were Messrs. L. H. Bor den, Garner Moffett and
S. M. Jersey, who held their first court at Savanna, April 13, 1839. In 1843 the county-seat was changed
from Savanna to Mount Carroll, where it yet remains. Townships were first organized in 1850, and the
development of the county has steadily pro gressed since that date. The surface of the land is rolling,
and at certain points decidedly picturesque. The land is generally good for farming. It is well
timbered, particularly along the Mississippi. Area of the county, 450 square miles; population, 18,035.
Mount Carroll is a pleasant, prosperous, wide-awake town, of about 2,000 inhabitants, and noted for its
excellent public and private schools.
CARROLLTON, the county-seat of Greene County, situated on the west branch of the
Chicago & Alton and the Quincy, Carrollton & St. Louis Railroads, 33 miles north-northwest of Alton,
and 34 miles south by west from Jacksonville. The town has a foundry, carriage and wagon factory, two
machine shops, two flour mills, two banks, six churches, a high school, and two weekly newspapers.
Population (1890), 2,258; (1900), 2,355; (1910), 2,323.
CARTER, Joseph N., Justice of the Supreme Court, was born in Hardin County, Ky., March
12, 1843; came to Illinois in boyhood, and, after attending school at Tuscola four years, engaged in
teaching until 1863, when he entered Illinois College, graduating in 1866; in 1868 graduated from the
Law Department of the University of Michigan, the next year establishing himself in practice at Quincy,
where he has since resided. He was a member of the Thirty-first and Thirty-second General Assemblies
(1878-82), and, in June, 1894, was elected to the seat on the Supreme Bench, which he now occupies.
CARTER, Thomas Henry, United States Senator, born in Scioto County, Ohio, Oct, 30,
1854; in his fifth year was brought to Illinois, his father locating at Pana, where he was educated in
the public schools; was employed in farming, railroading and teaching several years, then studied law
and was admitted to the bar, and, in 1882, removed to Helena, Mont., where he engaged in practice; was
elected, as a Republican the last Territorial Delegate to Congress from Idaho and the first
Representative from the new State; was Commissioner of the General Land Office (1891-92), and, in 1895,
was elected to the United States Senate for the term ending in 1901. In 1892 he was chosen Chairman of
the Republican National Committee, serving until the St. Louis Convention of 1896.
CARTERVILLE, a city in Williamson County, 10 miles by rail northwest of Marion. Coal
mining is the principal industry. It has a bank, five churches, a public school, and two weekly
newspapers Population (1880), 692; (1890), 969; (1900), 1,749; (1910), 2,971.
CARTHAGE, a city and the county-seat of Hancock County, 13 miles east of Keokuk, Iowa,
on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy and the Wabash Railroads; has water-works, electric lights, three
banks, four trust companies, four weekly papers, and is the seat of a Lutheran College. Pop. (1890),
1,654; (1900), 2,104; (1910), 2,373.
CARTHAGE COLLEGE, at Carthage, Hancock County, incorporated in 1871; has a teaching
faculty of twelve members, and reports 158 pupils—sixty-eight men and ninety women—for 1897-98. It has a
library of 5,000 volumes and endowment of $32,000 Instruction is given in the classical, scientific,
musical, fine arts and business departments, as well as in preparatory studies. In 1898 this institution
reported a property valuation of $41,000, of which $35,000 was in real estate.
CARTHAGE & BURLINGTON RAILROAD. (See Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad.)
CARTWRIGHT, James Henry, Justice of the Supreme Court, was born at Maquoketa, Iowa,
Dec. 1, 1842 — the son of a frontier Methodist clergyman; was educated at Rock River Seminary and
the University of Michigan, graduating from the latter in 1867; began practice in 1870 at Oregon,
Ogle County, which is still his home; in 1888 was elected Circuit Judge to succeed Judge Eustace,
deceased, and in 1891 assigned to Appellate Court duty; in December, 1895, was elected Justice of the
Supreme Court to succeed Justice John M. Bailey, deceased, and re-elected in 1897.
CARTWRIGHT, Peter, pioneer Methodist preacher, was born in Amherst County, Va., Sept.
1, 1785, and at the age of five years accompanied his father (a Revolutionary veteran) to Logan
County, Ky. The country was wild and unsettled, there were no schools, the nearest mill was 40 miles
distant, the few residents wore homespun garments of flax or cotton; and coffee, tea and sugar in
domestic use were almost unknown. Methodist circuit riders soon invaded the district, and, at a camp
meeting held at Cane Ridge in 1801, Peter received his first religious impressions. A few months later
he abandoned his reckless life, sold his race-horse and abjured gambling. He began preaching immediately
after his conversion, and, in 1803, was regularly received into the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal
Church, although only 18 years old. In 1823 he removed to Illinois, locating in Sangamon County, then
but sparsely settled. In 1828, and again in 1832, he was elected to the Legislature, where his homespun
wit and undaunted courage stood him in good stead. For a long series of years he attended annual
conferences (usually as a delegate), and was a conspicuous figure at camp-meetings. Although a Democrat
all his life, he was an uncompromising antagonist of slavery, and rejoiced at the division of his
denomination in 1844. He was also a zealous supporter of the Government during the Civil War. In 1846
he was a candidate for Congress on the Democratic ticket, but was defeated by Abraham Lincoln. He was a
powerful preacher, a tireless worker, and for fifty years served as a Presiding Elder of his
denomination. On the lecture platform, his quaintness and eccentricity, together with his inexhaustible
fund of personal anecdotes, insured an interested audience. Numerous stories are told of his physical
prowess in overcoming unruly characters whom he had failed to convince by moral suasion. Inside the
church he was equally fearless and outspoken, and his strong common sense did much to promote the
success of the denomination in the West. He died at his home near Pleasant Plains, Sangamon County,
Sept. 25, 1872. His principal published works are "A Controversy with the Devil" (1853), "Autobiography
of Peter Cartwright" (1856), "The Backwoods Preacher" (London, 1869), and several works on Methodism.
CARY, Eugene, lawyer and insurance manager, was born at Boston, Erie County, N. Y.,
Feb. 20, 1835; began teaching at sixteen, meanwhile attending a select school or academy at intervals;
studied law at Sheboygan, Wis., and Buffalo, N. Y., 1855-56; served as City Attorney and later as
County Judge, and, in 1861, enlisted in the First Regiment Wisconsin Volunteers, serving as a Captain
in the Army of the Cumberland, and the last two years as Judge-Advocate on the staff of General
Rousseau. After the war he settled at Nashville, Tenn., where he held the office of Judge of the First
District, but in 1871 he was elected to the City Council, and, in 1883, was the High-License candidate
for Mayor in opposition to Mayor Harrison, and believed by many to have been honestly elected, but
counted out by machine methods. Died Mar. 9, 1901.
CASAD, Anthony Wayne, clergyman and physician, was born in Wantage Township, Sussex
County, N. J., May 2, 1791; died at Summerfield, Ill., Dec. 16, 1857. His father, Rev. Thomas Casad,
was a Baptist minister, who, with his wife, Abigail Tingley, was among the early settlers of Sussex
County. He was descended from Dutch-Huguenot ancestry, the family name being originally Cossart, the
American branch having been founded by Jacques Cossart, who emigrated from Leyden to New York in 1663.
At the age of 19 Anthony removed to Greene County, Ohio, settling at Fairfield, near the site of the
present city of Dayton, where some of his relatives were then residing. On Feb. 6, 1811, he married
Anna, eldest daughter of Captain Samuel Stites and Martha Martin Stites, her mother's father and
grandfather having been patriot soldiers in the War of the Revolution. Anthony Wayne Casad served as
a volunteer from Ohio in the War of 1812, being a member of Captain Wm. Stephenson's Company. In 1818
he removed with his wife's father to Union Grove, St. Clair County, Ill. A few years later he entered
the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and during 1821-23 was stationed at Kaskaskia and
Buffalo, removing, in 1823, to Lebanon, where he taught school. Later he studied medicine and attained
considerable prominence as a practitioner, being commissioned Surgeon of the Forty-ninth Illinois
Infantry in 1835. He was one of the founders of McKendree College and a liberal contributor to its
support; was also for many years Deputy Superintendent of Schools at Lebanon, served as County Surveyor
of St. Clair County, and acted as agent for Harper Brothers in the sale of Southern Illinois lands. He
was a prominent Free Mason and an influential citizen. His youngest daughter, Amanda Keziah, married
Rev. Colin D. James (which see).
CASEY, a city of Clark County, at the intersection of the Vandalia Line and the Chicago
& Ohio River Railroad, 35 miles southwest of Terra Haute; in oilfield. Pop. (1900), 1,500; (1910),
2,157.
CASEY, Zadoc, pioneer and early Congressman, was born in Georgia, March 17, 1796, the
youngest, son of a soldier of the Revolutionary War who removed to Tennessee about 1800. The subject of
this sketch came to Illinois in 1817, bringing with him his widowed mother, and settling in the
vicinity of the present city of Mount Vernon, in Jefferson County, where he acquired great prominence
as a politician and became the head of an influential family. He began preaching at an early age, and
continued to do so occasionally through his political career. In 1819, he took a prominent part in the
organization of Jefferson County, serving on the first Board of County Commissioners; was an
unsuccessful candidate for the Legislature in 1820, but was elected Representative in 1822 and re-elected
two years later; in 1826 was advanced to the Senate, serving until 1830, when he was elected
Lieutenant-Governor, and during his incumbency took part in the Black Hawk War. On March 1, 1833, he
resigned the Lieutenant-Governorship to accept a seat as one of the three Congressmen from Illinois, to
which he had been elected a few months previous, being subsequently re-elected for four consecutive
terms. In 1842 he was again a candidate, but was defeated by John A. McClernand. Other public positions
held by him included those of Delegate to the Constitutional Conventions of 1847 and 1862,
Representative in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth General Assemblies (1848-52), serving as Speaker in the
former. He was again elected to the Senate in 1860, but died before the expiration of his term, Sept.
4, 1862. During the latter years of his life he was active in securing the right of way for the Ohio &
Mississippi Railroad, the original of the Mississippi division of the Baltimore, Ohio & Southwestern.
He commenced life in poverty, but acquired a considerable estate, and was the donor of the ground upon
which the Supreme Court building for the Southern Division at Mount Vernon was erected. —
Dr. Newton R. (Casey), son of the preceding, was born in Jefferson County, Ill.,
Jan. 27, 1826, received his primary education in the local schools and at Hillsboro and Mount Vernon
Academies; in 1842 entered the Ohio University at Athens in that State, remaining until 1845, when he
commenced the study of medicine, taking a course of lectures the following year at the Louisville
Medical Institute; soon after began practice, and, in 1847, removed to Benton, Ill., returning the
following year to Mount Vernon. In 1856-57 he attended a second course of lectures at the Missouri
Medical College, St. Louis, the latter year removing to Mound City, where he filled a number of
positions, including that of Mayor from 1859 to 1864, when he declined a re-election. In 1860, Dr.
Casey served as delegate from Illinois to the Democratic National Convention at Charleston, S. C,
and, on the establishment of the United States Government Hospital at Mound City, in 1861, acted for
some time as a volunteer surgeon, later serving as Assistant Surgeon. In 1866, he was elected
Representative in the Twenty-fifth General Assembly and re-elected in 1868, when he was an unsuccessful
Democratic candidate for Speaker in opposition to Hon. S. M. Cullom; also again served as
Representative in the Twenty-eighth General Assembly (1872-74). Since retiring from public life Dr.
Casey has given his attention to the practice of his profession. —
Col. Thomas S. (Casey), another son, was born in Jefferson County, Ill., April 6,
1832, educated in the common schools and at McKendree College, in due course receiving the degree of
A.M. from the latter; studied law for three years, being admitted to the bar in 1854; in 1860, was
elected State's Attorney for the Twelfth Judicial District; in September, 1862, was commissioned
Colonel of the One Hundred and Tenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, but was mustered out May 16, 1863,
having in the meantime taken part in the battle of Stone River and other important engagements in
Western Tennessee. By this time his regiment, having been much reduced in numbers, was consolidated
with the Sixtieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry. In 1864, he was again elected State's Attorney, serving
until 1868; in 1870, was chosen Representative, and, in 1872, Senator for the Mount Vernon District
for a term of four years. In 1879, he was elected Circuit Judge and was immediately assigned to
Appellate Court duty, soon after the expiration of his term, in 1885, removing to Springfield, where
he died, March 1, 1891.
CASS COUNTY, situated a little west of the center of the State, with an area of 460
square miles and a population (1910) of 17,372—named for Gen. Lewis Cass. French traders are believed
to have made the locality of Beardstown, their headquarters about the time of the discovery of the
Illinois country. The earliest permanent white settlers came about 1820, and among them were Thomas
Beard, Martin L. Lindsley, John Cetrough and Archibald Job. As early as 1821 there was a horse-mill on
Indian Creek, and, in 1827, M. L. Lindsley conducted a school on the bluffs. Peter Cartwright, the
noted Methodist missionary and evangelist, was one of the earliest preachers, and among the pioneers
may be named Messrs. Robertson, Toplo, McDonald, Downing, Davis, Shepherd, Penny, Bergen and Hopkins.
Beardstown was the original county-seat, and during both the Black Hawk and Mormon troubles was a depot
of supplies and rendezvous for troops. Here also Stephen A. Douglas made his first political speech.
The site of the town, as at present laid out, was at one time sold by Mr. Downing for twenty-five
dollars. The county was set off from Morgan in 1837. The principal towns are Beardstown, Virginia,
Chandlerville, Ashland and Arenzville. The county-seat, formerly at Beardstown, was later removed to
Virginia, where it now is. Beardstown was incorporated in 1837, with about 700 inhabitants. Virginia
was platted in 1836, but not incorporated until 1842.
CASTLE, Orlando Lane, educator, was born at Jericho, Vt., July 26,1822; graduated at
Denison University, Ohio, 1846,- spent one year as tutor there, and, for several years, had charge of
the public schools of Zanesville, Ohio. In 1858, he accepted the chair of Rhetoric, Oratory and
Belles-Lettres in Shurtleff College, at Upper Alton, Ill., remaining until his death, Jan. 31, 1892.
Professor Castle received the degree of LL.D. from Denison University in 1877.
CATHERWOOD, Mary Hartwell, author, was born (Hartwell) in Luray, Ohio, Dec. 16, 1844;
educated at the Female College, Granville, Ohio, where she graduated, in 1868, and, in 1887, was married
to James S. Catherwood, with whom she resided at Hoopeston, Ill. Mrs. Catherwood was the author of a
number of works of fiction, which have been accorded a high rank. Among her earlier productions are
"Craque-o'-Doom" (1881), "Rocky Fork" (1882), "Old Caravan Days" (1884), "The Secrets at Roseladies"
(1888), "The Romance of Dollard" and "The Bells of St. Anne" (1889). During her last few years she had
shown a predilection for subjects connected with early Illinois history, and had published popular
romances under the title of "The Story of Tonty," "The White Islander," "The Lady, of Fort St. John,"
"Old Kaskaskia" and "The Chase of Sant Castin and other Stories of the French in the New World." Died
Dec. 26, 1902.
CATON, John Dean, early lawyer and jurist, was born in Monroe County, N. Y., March 19,
1812. Left to the care of a widowed mother at an early age, his childhood was spent in poverty and
manual labor. At 15 he was set to learn a trade, but an infirmity of sight compelled him to abandon
it. After a brief attendance at an academy at Utica, where he studied law between the ages of 19 and
21, in 1833 he removed to Chicago, and shortly afterward, on a visit to Pekin, was examined and
licensed to practice by Judge Stephen T. Logan. In 1834, he was elected Justice of the Peace, served
as Alderman in 1837-38, and sat upon the bench of the Supreme Court from 1842 to 1864, when he resigned,
having served nearly twenty-two years. During this period he more than once occupied the position of
Chief-Justice. Being embarrassed by the financial stringency of 1837-38, in the latier year he entered
a tract of land near Plainfield, and, taking his family with him, began farming. Later in life, while
a resident of Ottawa, he became interested in the construction of telegraph lines in the West, which
for a time bore his name and were ultimately incorporated in the "Western Union," laying the foundation
of a large fortune. On retiring from the bench, he devoted himself for the remainder of his life to
his private affairs, to travel, and to literary labors. Among his published works are "The Antelope
and Deer of America," "A Summer in Norway," "Miscellanies," and "Early Bench and Bar of Illinois."
Died in Chicago, July 30, 1895.
CAVARLY, Alfred W., early lawyer and legislator, was born in Connecticut, Sept. 15,
1793; served as a soldier in the War of 1812, and, in 1822, came to Illinois, first settling at
Edwardsville, and soon afterwards at Carrollton, Greene County. Here he was elected Representative
in the Fifth General Assembly (1826), and again to the Twelfth (1840); also served as Senator in the
Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth Assemblies (1842-48), acting, in 1845, as one of the
Commissioners to revise the statutes. In 1844, he was chosen a Presidential Elector, and, in 1846,
was a prominent candidate for the Democratic nomination for Governor, but was defeated in convention
by Augustus C. French. Mr. Cavarly was prominent both in his profession and in the Legislature while
a member of that body. In 1853, he removed to Ottawa, where he resided until his death, Oct. 25,
1876.
CENTRAL CITY, a village of Marion County, on the Illinois Central Railroad, just
north of Centralia; in a mining region. Pop. (1910), 1,179.
CENTRAL HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, established under act of the Legislature passed
March 1, 1847, and located at Jacksonville, Morgan County. Its founding was largely due to the
philanthropic efforts of Miss Dorothea L. Dix, who addressed the people from the platform and
appeared before the General Assembly in behalf of this class of unfortunates. Construction of the
building was begun in 1848. By 1851 two wards were ready for occupancy, and the first patient was
received in November of that year. The first Superintendent was Dr. J. M. Higgins, who served less
than two years, when he was succeeded by Dr. H. K. Jones, who had been Assistant Superintendent. Dr.
Jones remained as Acting Superintendent for several months, when the place was filled by the
appointment of Dr. Andrew McFarland of New Hampshire, his administration continuing until 1870, when
he resigned on account of ill-health, being succeeded by Dr. Henry F. Carriel of New Jersey. Dr.
Carriel tendered his resignation in 1893, and, after one or two further changes, in 1897 Dr. F. C.
Winslow, who had been Assistant Superintendent under Dr. Carriel, was placed in charge of the
institution. The original plan of construc¬tion provided for a center building, five and a half
stories high, and two wings with a rear extension in which were to be the chapel, kitchen and
employes' quarters. Subsequently these wings were greatly enlarged, permitting an increase in the
number of wards, and as the exigencies of the institution demanded, appropriations have been made
for the erection of additional buildings. Numerous detached buildings have been erected within the
past few years, and the capacity of the institution greatly increased —"The Annex" admitting of the
introduction of many new and valuable features in the classification and treatment of patients. The
number of inmates of late years has ranged from 1,200 to 1,400. The counties from which patients are
received in this institution embrace: Rock Island, Mercer, Henry, Bureau, Putnam, Marshall, Stark,
Knox, Warren, Henderson, Hancock, McDonough, Fulton, Peoria, Tazewell, Logan, Mason, Menard, Cass,
Schuyler, Adams, Pike, Calhoun, Brown, Scott, Morgan, Sangamon, Christian, Montgomery, Macoupin,
Greene and Jersey.
CENTRALIA, a city and railway center of Marion County, 250 miles south of Chicago.
It forms a trade center for the famous "fruit belt" of Southern Illinois; has a number of coal mines,
oil and gas wells, a glass plant, iron foundries, railroad repair shops, flour and rolling mills, and
an ice plant; also has water-works and sewerage system, a fire department, two daily and weekly papers,
and excellent graded schools. Several parks afford splendid pleasure resorts. Population (1890), 4,763;
(1900), 6,721; (1910), 9,680.
CENTRALIA & ALTAMONT RAILROAD. (See Centralia & Chester Railroad.)
CENTRALIA & CHESTER RAILROAD, a railway line wholly within the State, extending from
Salem, in Marion County, to Chester, on the Mississippi River (91.6 miles), with a lateral branch from
Sparta to Roxborough (5 miles), and trackage facilities over the Illinois Central from the branch
junction to Centralia (2.9 miles)—total, 99.5 miles. The original line was chartered as the Centralia
& Chester Railroad, in December, 1887, completed from Sparta to Coulterville in 1889, and consolidated
the same year with the Sparta & Evansville and the Centralia & Altamont Railroads (projected); line
completed from Centralia to Evansville early in 1894. The branch from Sparta to Rosborough was built
in 1895, the section of the main line from Centralia to Salem (14.9 miles) in 1896, and that from
Evansville to Chester (17.6 miles) in 1897-98. The road was placed in the hands of a receiver, June
7, 1897, and the expenditures for extension and equipment made under authority granted by the United
States Court for the issue of Receiver's certificates. The total capitalization is $2,374,841, of
which $978,000 is in stocks and $948,000 in bonds.
CENTRAL MILITARY TRACT RAILROAD. (See Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad.)
CERRO GORDO, a town in Piatt County, 12 miles by rail east-northeast of Decatur. The
crop of cereals in the surrounding country is sufficient to support two elevators at Cerro Gordo, which
has also a flouring mill, brick and tile factories, etc. There are three churches, graded schools, a
bank and one weekly newspaper. Population 1890), 939; (1900), 1,008; (1910), 876.
CHADDOCK COLLEGE, an institution under the patronage of the Methodist Episcopal Church
at Quincy, Ill., incorporated in 1878; is co-educational, has a faculty of ten instructors, and
reports 127 students—70 male and 57 female—in the classes of 1895-96. Besides the usual departments
in literature, science and the classics, instruction is given to classes in theology, music, the fine
arts, oratory and preparatory studies. It has property valued at $110,000, and reports an endowment
fund of $8,000.
CHAMBERLIN, Thomas Crowder, geologist and educator, was born near Mattoon, Ill.,
Sept. 25, 1845; graduated at Beloit College, Wisconsin, in 1866: took a course in Michigan University
(1868-69); taught in various Wisconsin institutions, also discharged the duties of State Geologist,
later filling the chair of Geology at Columbian University, Washington, D. C. In 1878, he was sent to
Paris, in charge of the educational exhibits of Wisconsin, at the International Exposition of that
year—during his visit making a special study of the Alpine glaciers. In 1887, he was elected President
of the University of Wisconsin, serving until 1892, when he became Head Professor of Geology at the
University of Chicago, where he still remains. He is also editor of the University "Journal of Geology"
and President of the Chicago Academy of Sciences. Professor Chamberlin is author of a number of volumes
on educational and scientific subjects, chiefly in the line of geology. He received the degree of LL.D.
from the University of Michigan, Beloit College and Columbian University, all on the same date
(1887).
CHAMPAIGN, a flourishing city in Champaign County, 128 miles southwest of Chicago
and 83 miles northeast of Springfield; is the intersecting point of three lines of railway and
connected with the adjacent city of Urbana, the county-seat, by an electric railway. The University of
Illinois, located in Urbana, is contiguous to the city. Champaign has an excellent system of
water-works, well-paved streets, and is lighted by both gas and electricity. The surrounding country
is agricultural, but the city has manufactories of carriages and machines. Three papers are published
here, besides a college weekly conducted by the students of the University. The Burnham Hospital and
the Garwood Old Ladies' Home are located in Champaign. In the residence portion of the city there is
a handsome park, covering ten acres and containing a notable piece of bronze statuary, and several
smaller parks in other sections. There are several handsome churches, and excellent schools, both
public and private. Pop. (1900), 9,098; (1910), 12,421.
CHAMPAIGN COUNTY, situated in the eastern half of the central belt of the State;
area, 1,008 square miles; population (1910), 51,829. The county was organized in 1833, and named for
a county in Ohio. The physical conformation is flat, and the soil rich. The county lies in the heart
of what was once called the "Grand Prairie." Workable seams of bituminous coal underlie the surface,
but overlying quicksands interfere with their operation. The Sangamon and Kaskaskia Rivers have their
sources in this region, and several railroads cross the county. The soil is a black muck underlaid by
a yellow clay. Urbana (with a population of 5,708 in 1900) is the county-seat. Other important points
in the county are Champaign (9,000), Tolono (1,000), and Rantoul (1,200). Champaign and Urbana adjoin
each other, and the grounds of the Illinois State University extend into each corporation, being
argely situated in Champaign. Large drifted masses of Niagara limestone are found, interspersed with
coal measure limestone and sandstone. Alternating beds of clay, gravel and quicksand of the drift
formation are found beneath the subsoil to the depth of 150 to 300 feet.
CHAMPAIGN, HAVANA & WESTERN RAILROAD. (See Illinois Central Railroad.)
CHANDLER, Charles, physician, was born at West Woodstock, Conn., July 2, 1806;
graduated with the degree of M.D. at Castleton, Vt., and, in 1829, located in Scituate, R. I.; in
1832, started with the intention of settling at Fort Clark (now Peoria), Ill., but was stopped at
Beardstown by the "Black Hawk War," finally locating on the Sangamon River, in Cass County, where,
in 1848, he laid out the town of Chandlerville—Abraham Lincoln being one of the surveyors who platted
the town. Here he gained a large practice, which he was compelled, in his later years, partially to
abandon in consequence of injuries received while prosecuting his profession, afterwards turning his
attention to merchandising and encouraging the development of the locality in which he lived by
promoting the construction of railroads and the building of schoolhouses and churches. Liberal and
public-spirited, his influence for good extended over a large region. Died, April 7, 1879.
CHANDLER, Henry B., newspaper manager, was born at Frelighsburg, Quebec, July 12,
1836; at 18 he began teaching, and later took charge of the business department of "The Detroit Free
Press"; in 1861, came to Chicago with Wilbur F. Storey and became business manager of "The Chicago
Times"; in 1870, disagreed with Storey and retired from newspaper business. Died, at Yonkers, N. Y.,
Jan. 18, 1896.
CHANDLERVILLE, a village in Cass County, on the Chicago, Peoria & St. Louis Railroad,
7 miles north by east from Virginia, laid out in 1848 by Dr. Charles Chandler, and platted by Abraham
Lincoln. It has a bank, a creamery, four churches, a weekly newspaper, a flour and a saw-mill. Pop.
(1900), 940; (1910), 884.
CHAPIN, a village of Morgan County, at the intersection of the Wabash and the Chicago,
Burlington & Quincy Railroads, 10 miles west of Jacksonville. Pop. (1900), 514; (1910), 552.
CHAPPELL, Charles H., railway manager, was born in Du Page County, Ill., March 3,
1841. With an ardent passion for the railroad business, at the age of 16 he obtained a position as
freight brakeman on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, being steadily promoted through the
ranks of conductor, train-master and dispatcher, until, in 1865, at the age of 24, he was appointed
General Agent of the Eastern Division of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. Other railroad positions
which Mr. Chappell later held were: Superintendent of a division of the Union Pacific (1869-70);
Assistant or Division Superintendent of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy, or some of its branches
(1870-74); General Superintendent of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas (1874-76); Superintendent of the
Western Division of the Wabash (1877-79). In 1880, he accepted the position of Assistant General
Superintendent of the Chicago & Alton Railroad, being advanced in the next three years through the
grades of General Superintendent and Assistant General Manager, to that of General Manager of the
entire system, which he continued to fill for more than twelve years. Quietly and without show or
display, Mr. Chappell continued in the discharge of his duties, assisting to make the system with
which he was identified one of the most successful in its operation in the country. Died June 22,
1904.
CHARLESTON, the county-seat of Coles County, an incorporated city and a railway
junction, 46 miles west of Terre Haute, Ind. It lies in the center of a farming region, yet has
several factories, including woolen and flouring mills, broom, plow and carriage factories, a foundry
and a canning factory. Three newspapers are published here, issuing daily editions. The Eastern State
Normal School was located here in 1895. Pop. (1900), 5,488; (1900), 5,884.
CHARLESTON, PEORIA & ST. LOUIS RAILROAD. (See Toledo, St. Louis & Kansas City
Railroad.)
CHARLEVOIX, Pierre Francois Xavier de, a celebrated French traveler and an early
explorer of Illinois, born at St. Quentin, France, Oct. 29, 1682. He entered the Jesuit Society, and
while a student was sent to Quebec (1695), where for four years he was instructor in the college, and
completed his divinity studies. In 1709 he returned to France, but came again to Quebec a few years
later. He ascended the St. Lawrence, sailed through Lakes Ontario and Erie, and finally reached the
Mississippi by way of the Illinois River. After visiting Cahokia and the surrounding county (1720-21),
he continued down the Mississippi to New Orleans, and returned to France by way of Santo Domingo.
Besides some works on religious subjects, he was the author of histories of Japan, Paraguay and San
Domingo. His great work, however, was the "History of New France," which was not published until twenty
years after his death. His journal of his American explorations appeared about the same time. His
history has long been cited by scholars as authority, but no English translation was made until 1865,
when it was undertaken by Shea. Died in France, Feb. 1, 1761.
CHASE, Philander, Protestant Episcopal Bishop, was born in Cornish, Vt., Dec. 14, 1775,
and graduated at Dartmouth in 1795. Although reared as a Congregationalist, he adopted the Episcopal
faith, and was ordained a priest in 1799, for several years laboring as a missionary in Northern and
Western New York. In 1805, he went to New Orleans, but returning North in 1811, spent six years as a
rector at New Haven, Conn., then engaged in missionary work in Ohio, organizing a number of parishes
and founding an academy at Worthington; was consecrated a Bishop in 1819, and after a visit to England
to raise funds, laid the foundation of Kenyon College and Gambier Theological Seminary, named in honor
of two English noblemen who had contributed a large portion of the funds. Differences arising with some
of his clergy in reference to the proper use of the funds, he resigned both the Bishopric and the
Presidency of the college in 1831, and after three years of missionary labor in Michigan, in 1835 was
chosen Bishop of Illinois. Making a second visit to England, he succeeded in raising additional funds,
and, in 1838, founded Jubilee College at Robin's Nest, Peoria County, Ill., for which a charter was
obtained in 1847. He was a man of great religious zeal, of indomitable perseverance and the most
successful pioneer of the Episcopal Church in the West. He was Presiding Bishop from 1843 until his
death, which occurred Sept, 20, 1852. Several volumes appeared from his pen, the most important being
"A Plea for the West" (1826), and "Reminiscences: an Autobiography, Comprising a History of the
Principal Events in the Author's Life" (1848).
CHATHAM, a village of Sangamon County, on the Chicago & Alton Railroad, 9 miles south
of Springfield. Pop. (1900), 629; (1910), 666.
CHATSWORTH, town in Livingston County, on Ill. Cent, and Toledo, Peoria & Western
Railways, 79 miles east of Peoria; in farming and stock-raising district; has two banks, three grain
elevators, five churches, a graded school, two weekly papers, water-works, electric lights, paved
streets, cement sidewalks, brick works, and other manufactories. Pop. (1900), 1,038; (1910), 1,112.
CHEBANSE, a town in Iroquois and Kankakee Counties, on the Illinois Central Railroad,
64 miles south-southwest from Chicago; the place has one bank and one newspaper. Population (1880),
728; (1890), 616; (1900), 555; (1910), 590.
CHENEY, Charles Edward, Bishop of the Reformed Protestant Episcopal Church, was born
in Canandaigua, N. Y., Feb. 12, 1836; graduated at Hobart in 1857, and began study for the ministry of
the Protestant Episcopal Church. Soon after ordination he became rector of Christ Church, Chicago, and
was prominent among those who, under the leadership of Assistant Bishop Cummins of Kentucky, organized
the Reformed Episcopal Church in 1873. He was elected Missionary Bishop of the Northwest for the new
organization, and was consecrated in Christ Church, Chicago, Dec. 14, 1873.
CHENEY, John Yance, author and librarian, was born at Groveland, N. Y., Dec. 29, 1848,
though the family home was at Dorset, Vt.. where he grew up and received his primary education. He
acquired his academic training at Manchester, Vt., and Temple Hill Academy, Genesee, N. Y., graduating
from the latter in 1865, later becoming Assistant Principal of the same institution. Having studied law,
he was admitted to the bar successively in Massachusetts and New York; but meanwhile having written
considerably for the old "Scribner's Monthly" (now "Century Magazine"), while under the editorship of
Dr. J. G. Holland, he gradually adopted literature as a profession. Removing to the Pacific Coast, he
took charge, in 1887, of the Free Public Library at San Francisco, remaining until 1894, when he
accepted the position of Librarian of the Newberry Library in Chicago, as successor to Dr. William F.
Poole, deceased. Besides two or three volumes of verse, Mr. Cheney is the author of numerous essays on
literary subjects. His published works include "Thistle-Drift," poems (1887); "Wood-Blooms," poems
(1888), "Golden Guess," essays (1892); "That Dome in Air," essays (1895); "Queen Helen." poem (1895)
and "Out of the Silence," poem (1897). He is also editor of "Wood Notes Wild," by Simeon Pease
Cheney (1892), and Caxton Club's edition of Derby's Phoenixiana.
CHENOA, an incorporated city of McLean County, at the intersecting point of the Toledo,
Peoria & Western and the Chicago & Alton Railroads, 48 miles east of Peoria, 23 miles northeast of
Bloomington, and 102 miles south of Chicago. Agriculture, dairy farming, fruit-growing and coal-mining
are the chief industries of the surrounding region. The city also has an electric light plant,
water-works, canning works and tile works, besides two banks, seven churches, a graded school, two
weekly papers, and telephone systems connecting with the surrounding country. Pop. (1900), 1,512;
(1910), 1,314.
CHESBROUGH, Ellis Sylvester, civil engineer, was born in Baltimore, Md., July 6, 1813;
at the age of thirteen was chainman to an engineering party on the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, being
later employed on other roads. In 1837, he was appointed senior assistant engineer in the construction
of the Louisville, Cincinnati & Charleston Railroad, and, in 1846, Chief Engineer of the Boston
Waterworks, in 1850 becoming sole Commissioner of the Water Department of that city. In 1855, he became
engineer of the Chicago Board of Sewerage Commissioners, and in that capacity designed the sewerage
system of the city—also planning the river tunnels. He resigned the office of Commissioner of Public
Works of Chicago in 1879. He was regarded as an authority on water-supply and sewerage, and was
consulted by the officials of New York, Boston, Toronto, Milwaukee and other cities. Died, August 19,
1886.
CHESNUT, John A., lawyer, was born in Kentucky, Jan. 19, 1816, his father being a
native of South Carolina, but of Irish descent. John A. was educated principally in his native State,
but came to Illinois in 1836, read law with P. H. Winchester at Carlinville, was admitted to the bar
in 1837, and practiced at Carlinville until 1855, when he removed to Springfield and engaged in real
estate and banking business. Mr. Chesnut was associated with many local business enterprises, was for
several years one of the Trustees of the Institution for the Deaf and Dumb at Jacksonville, also a
Trustee of the Illinois Female College (Methodist) at the same place, and was Supervisor of the United
States Census for the Sixth District of Illinois in 1880. Died, Jan. 14, 1898.
CHESTER, the county-seat of Randolph County, situated on the Mississippi River, 76 miles
south of St. Louis. It is the seat of the Southern Illinois Penitentiary and of the State Asylum for
Insane Convicts. It stands in the neart of a region abounding in bituminous coal, and is a prominent
shipping point for this commodity; also has quarries of building stone. It has a grain elevator, flouring
mills, rolling mills and foundries and two weekly papers. Pop. (1890), 2,708; (1900), 2,832; (1910),
2,747.
CHETLAIN, Augustus Louis, soldier, was born in St. Louis, Mo., Dec. 26, 1824, of
French Huguenot stock - his parents having emigrated from Switzerland in 1823, at first becoming members
of the Selkirk colony on Red River, in Manitoba. Having received a common school education, he became
a merchant at Galena, and was the first to volunteer there in response to the call for troops after
the bombardment of Fort Sumter, in 1861, being chosen to the captaincy of a company in the Twelfth
Regiment of Illinois Volunteers, which General Grant had declined; participated in the campaign on the
Tennessee River which resulted in the capture of Fort Donelson and the battle of Shiloh, meanwhile being
commissioned Lieutenant-Colonel; also distinguished himself at Corinth, where he remained in command
until May, 1863, and organized the first colored regiment raised in the West. In December, 1863, he was
promoted Brigadier-General and placed in charge of the organization of colored troops in Tennessee,
serving later in Kentucky and being brevetted Major-General in January, 1864. From January to October,
1865, he commanded the post at Memphis, and later the District of Talladega, Ala., until January, 1866,
when he was mustered out of the service. General Chetlain was Assessor of Internal Revenue for the
District of Utah (1867-69), then appointed United States Consul at Brussels, serving until 1872, on
his return to the United States establishing himself as a banker and broker in Chicago.
|
